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问题: 关于英语的简单语法问题

什么是非谓语动词?
系动词是什么?系表结构呢?

解答:

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
系动词又称连系动词,不单独作谓语,必须与表语连用构成系表结构。系表结构可表述主语的状况,而我们对主语情况的了解和描述角度各不相同,因此对主语的表述就因说话人的角度不同,而使用不同的系动词。现就初中课本中的系动词小结如下:

1、 以肯定的语气叙述主语状态时,要用系动词be,后接n(名词),adj(形容词),p.p(分词),inf(不定式), adv(副词) ,prep. Phr.(介词短语)作表语。

如:(1)He is honest.

(2) She is a teacher.

(3) The film is moving.

(4) He is out.

2、表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时,系动词用look, feel, sound, taste, smell等,后常接n(名词),inf(不定式),p.p(分词),adj(形容词)等作表语。

如:(1)Her voice sounds sweet.

(2) It sounds a good idea.

(3) It looks the right thing for her birthday gift.

3、表示主语状态变化时,系动词用become ,get, grow, come , turn (若跟名词不加冠词) ,fall (asleep, ill, silent)等,后面大多数接形容词作表语。但become, turn亦可接名词作表语。

如:(1) He turns doctor.

(2) He becomes a doctor.

(3) My dream has come true.

(4) The baby fell asleep.

(5) The leaves turned yellow.

4、表示主语的持续时,系动词用remain, stay , keep, continue等。

如:(1) The door keeps open.

(2) The problem remains unsolved.

5、从印象的角度说明主语所处的状态和特征时,系动词用appear to be (常用于书面),seem (to be)。

如:(1)You don’t seem to be quite yourself today.

(2) You seem right.

(3) It seems as if it’s going to snow.