This result suggests that genes are not disjointed entities with parts spread out from one end of a chromosome to another.
主要是不理解with和spread的成分

先来说意思吧：翻译
这个结果表明，基因并非独立存在的，分散于染色体一端到另一端各个部分的个体（片段）。
分析：
主干：this reslut suggests that... 宾语从句
从句主干：genes are(not disjointed[定语]) entities
从句宾语entities的插入语：with parts spread out from one end of a chromosome to another.
with...一般作插入语，这里可以看作宾补。
with parts spread out from one end of a chromosome to another.介词短语作宾补（比较长的短语），spread(过去分词)是parts的定语，意思是（被）分散开的部分，这里是分词作定语。

例：he is coming here with all his classmates singing on the way.