问题: 翻译两段话
Several other methods for assessing SWB besides global self-reports are now available. Kahneman (in press) argued that experience sampling measures of happiness ought to be the primary method for measuring SWB. By sampling moods, emotions, and other feelings at random moments in respondents' everyday lives, this method reduces the memory biases that affect retrospective reports of experiences. Despite some limitations, experience sampling may sometimes provide more accurate values than global reports (Stone, Shiffman, & DeVries, in press). Other methods such as scoring qualitative descriptions of people's lives (e.g., L. E. Thomas & Chambers, 1989), measuring reactions to emotionally ambiguous stimuli (e.g., Rusting, 1997), and recording people's memories for good and bad events (Pavot, Diener, Colvin, & Sandvik, 1991) can also be used to assess SWB. Finally, physiological measures such as salivary cortisol levels (e.g., Dinan, 1994) might also be used to indicate levels of well-being and ill-being.
Subjective well-being is not a simple unitary entity. It has multiple facets that must be assessed through global judgments, momentary mood reports, physiology, memory, and emotional expression. Although some might argue that SWB is, after all, subjective, it nevertheless depends on reactions in multiple physiological and psychological systems. Thus, we believe that subjective experience can also be measured by physiological characteristics, behavioral reactions, and memories. As more researchers use varied measures, they will be able to transcend Wilson's description of SWB measures as mere avowals of happiness.
解答:
其他一些方法来评估全球瓦杜戈达除了自我报告现已。卡尼曼(新闻)认为,经验取样措施应该是幸福的主要方法测量主观幸福感。通过取样情绪,情感,和其他感情的时刻,随机受访的日常生活,这种方法降低了内存的偏见,影响回顾性报告的经验。尽管有一些限制,经验取样有时可能提供更准确的价值比全球报告(石,史夫曼,与DeVries ,印刷中) 。其他方法,如得分定性描述,人们的生活(例如,乐托马斯和分庭, 1989年) ,测量反应情感暧昧刺激(例如,生锈, 1997年) ,并记录人们的回忆,好的和坏的事件( Pavot ,迪纳,文,与山, 1991年)也可以被用来评估感。最后,生理措施,如唾液皮质醇水平(例如,迪南, 1994年)也可能是用来指示水平的福利和虐待被。
主观幸福感不是一个简单的单一实体。它有多个方面,必须通过全球评估判断,一时情绪的报告,生理学,记忆和情感的表达。虽然有人可能认为,主观幸福感毕竟是主观的,但它的反应取决于多种生理和心理系统。因此,我们认为,主观经验也可以衡量的生理特征,行为反应,和回忆。随着越来越多的研究人员使用不同的措施,他们将能够超越威尔逊的描述瓦杜戈达措施仅仅作为有着幸福。
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